Getting to know Jo

Although two-letter names are often abbreviations, some have risen on their own and even eclipsed their original version. This is the case of Jo, the most common two-letter name in the US for over a century.

By Ana Muñoz

My mother chose my name because it was the shortest one she could find in our language. Interestingly, there are even shorter names than mine, according to the US Social Security database. Naturally, I became curious about those with just two letters and why parents chose such brief names.

Looking at the data collected since 1880, if you come from the US and have a two-letter name, chances are your name is Jo and that you were born in 1954. A record number of Jos were born that year—8,077, to be exact.

A vintage baby saying 'wow'

Which two-letter names are the most popular?

A treemap showing the proportion of two-letter names
Source: US Social Security database. Chart: Ana Muñoz with RAWGraphs.

It's also likely that you were assigned female at birth. Given the current life expectancy of 76 years, the ratio of female Jos to male Jos is quite pronounced.

Nine baby girls and one baby boy representing Jo
Source: US Social Security database. Design: Ana Muñoz.

Many two-letter names, like Jo, started as abbreviations of longer names. But what happened to those original, longer versions? Is there a correlation between Jo's golden era and the rise or decline of its antecedents?

When Jo was popular, Josephine was not... but Jo and Joanne peaked together

Two line charts comparing the popularity of Jo, Josephine and Joanne
Source: US Social Security database. Charts: Ana Muñoz with RAWGraphs.

Jo was quite popular between 1940 and 1960. By 1980, she had almost faded into oblivion, while Josephine was about to make her comeback.

Although Joanne was never as picked as Jo, she was around during the same period. Other “Jo-“ names too. The only exception was Joan, who surpassed Jo at its peak.

Joan was always more popular than Jo, but they were both trendy during the same years

A line chart comparing Jo and Joan
Source: US Social Security database. Chart: Ana Muñoz with RAWGraphs.

Joan might provide insights into these trends and their correlations. And not any Joan, this Joan. Is it a coincidence that 1954, the year when thousands named their baby girls Jo, was also the year Jo(hnny Guitar), starring Jo(an Crawford), was released?